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Naadam

NaadamNaadam Guide

「 天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。 」

Naadam is the grandest traditional mass gathering of the Mongolian people, its name meaning “entertainment” or “gathering.” Every July and August, people of the grasslands come together across vast pastoral landscapes to compete in the “Three Manly…

Naadam, meaning “entertainment” or “gathering” in Mongolian, is the grandest traditional mass celebration of the Mongolian people and has a history of nearly 800 years.

In 2006, Naadam was included in the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List.

As Mongolian communities have spread around the world, Naadam has become a cultural festival celebrated in many international cities — from London Naadam 2026 on Wimbledon Common in the United Kingdom, to the large-scale celebration at Busse Woods in Chicago drawing more than 3,000 participants; from a traditional gathering in Arlington, Virginia, in the Washington, D.C. area attended by more than 2,000 people, to the New Jersey Kalmyk community’s Naadam marking the 75th anniversary of their arrival in the United States.

Across these celebrations, communities come together through wrestling, archery, horse racing, morin khuur performances, Mongolian cuisine, and other traditions.

In 2026, the core Naadam season runs from July through August, with celebrations held around the world from early July through mid-August.

Naadam / Naadam Guide

Event Schedule and Venues

### Core Naadam Dates

Naadam is held each year from July through September, with exact dates varying by region.

The Xilinhot Grassland Naadam is generally held in mid-to-late July and lasts three days.

The Damao United Banner Naadam runs from late July through early September, covering the entire summer holiday period.

The Baarin Right Banner Intangible Heritage Naadam is held in mid-August.

The core schedule is as follows:

Venue Time Core Activities
Xilinhot Mid-to-late July 36th Grassland Naadam — opening ceremony, traditional “Three Manly Games” competitions, four visitor competitions, food market, intangible heritage fair, and “Naadam Every Day”
Damao United Banner Late July to early September 36th Naadam — opening ceremony, horse-racing “Village Super League” open competition, elite Bökh wrestling, concerts, grassland football invitational, Mongolian clothing show, intangible heritage square-dance invitational
Baarin Right Banner Mid-August Inner Mongolia Intangible Heritage Naadam — concentrated display of more than 120 intangible cultural heritage projects from 12 leagues and cities across the region, traditional folk competitions, and Baarin stone culture week

### Traditional Naadam Customs

Naadam emerged from Mongolian nomadic life and is closely associated with traditional ritual practices such as Ovoo worship.

Its core is the “Three Manly Games” — Bökh wrestling, horse racing, and archery, three traditional skills long regarded as essential abilities of Mongolian men and practiced for centuries.

Custom Description
Bökh Mongolian wrestling with no weight divisions and victory determined in a single fall. The sight of 512 wrestlers competing at the same gathering is especially spectacular
Horse Racing Includes long-distance endurance races of around 20 kilometers and shorter speed races; riders are often young people
Archery Uses traditional Mongolian horn bows and is open to both men and women
Ovoo Worship Traditional ritual held before Naadam to pray for favorable weather across the grasslands

### Major Recommended Activities

Xilinhot — Grassland Naadam:

The Xilinhot Grassland Naadam follows a theme of “tradition + contemporary trends,” combining folk experiences, competitive events, tourism, and cultural consumption.

Activities include:

* Opening ceremony, featuring a three-part cultural performance and an aerial Naadam flight display

* Bökh wrestling, with 512 professional wrestlers

* Horse racing, including 20-kilometer endurance and speed races

* Archery, including men’s and women’s Hari target events

* Four visitor competitions: Bökh, archery, shagai games, and Mongolian-deel dressing competition

* Stamp-collecting activities

* Food market

* Intangible heritage exhibition and sales

* “Naadam Every Day”

Venue: Xilingol Naadam Cultural Park.

Damao United Banner — Naadam:

The defining feature of Damao Banner Naadam is that “the public takes center stage.”

Running from late July through early September, it spans the entire summer holiday season.

Activities include:

* Opening ceremony

* Horse-racing “Village Super League” open competition

* Elite Bökh competitions, including:

* 128-wrestler regional elite tournament

* Regional women’s Bökh competition

* Senior wrestling competition

* Darhan Hari target championship

* Archery King competition

* Grass-target championship

* National five-a-side grassland football invitational

* Grassland lamb cooking championship

* “Bailing Cup” amateur singer competition

* China–Mongolia International Naadam

* Mongolian clothing show

* Intangible heritage square-dance invitational

Cultural performances during the festival also include:

* Morin khuur and guzheng concert

* Ulan Muqir special performances

* Qixi concert

Multiple venues operate simultaneously.

In addition to the main venue at Bailing Naadam Cultural Industry Park, branch venues include:

* Taomagou Scenic Area

* Silk Road Dream County Scenic Area

* Hongge’er Ovoo Scenic Area

* Jimustai Scenic Area

* Mandula Town

Baarin Right Banner — Intangible Heritage Naadam:

The Baarin Right Banner Intangible Heritage Naadam pioneered a new format by deeply integrating intangible cultural heritage with traditional Naadam.

More than 120 representative intangible cultural heritage projects from all 12 leagues and cities of Inner Mongolia are presented together, including:

* Traditional incense making

* Mongolian gold-and-silver inlay

* Ewenki fur craftsmanship

* Bark painting

* Naiman printmaking

* Horqin horse tack

* Fermented mare’s milk production

* Chagan Ide dairy foods

* Felt embroidery

* Leather carving

* Carpet weaving

* Horsehair thangka

Traditional competitions include:

* Bökh

* Horse racing

* Archery

* Bulu

* Chess

* Pariji team competition

Approximately 165,000 people attended the opening ceremony.

The entire event is open to the public free of charge, with no ticket required.

Pre-Trip Preparation

### Visas and Entry

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, where these Naadam celebrations are held, follows China’s unified visa policies:

* 240-Hour Visa-Free Transit for Citizens of 54 Countries: Travelers may enjoy up to 240 hours of visa-free transit, with permitted stay areas covering Inner Mongolia and other administrative regions.

* Tour Groups from ASEAN Countries: Groups organized through travel agencies may enter visa-free through designated ports.

* Other Nationalities: Apply in advance for a tourist visa, or L visa, through the relevant Chinese embassy or consulate and ensure that your passport remains valid for more than six months.

* Latest Policies: Before departure, consult the official website of China’s National Immigration Administration or the relevant embassy or consulate.

### Adapting to the Climate

The Inner Mongolian grasslands in July and August have the following climate characteristics:

* Temperature: Around 25°C during the day, while nighttime temperatures can fall below 15°C, creating a very large day-night temperature difference.

* Sunlight: Grassland ultraviolet exposure is extremely strong, making sun protection essential every day.

* Rainfall: July and August are the rainy season, with occasional showers. Carrying rain gear is recommended.

* Clothing: Use a layered system — short sleeves or a light long-sleeved top during the day, with a shell jacket or light down jacket for mornings and evenings.

Nighttime temperatures may fall below 10°C, so warm clothing is essential.

Shoes should be comfortable and breathable athletic shoes.

Festival grounds are mainly grass, and high heels are prohibited.

### Travel Insurance

It is strongly recommended to purchase travel insurance covering:

* Accidental injury and acute illness treatment, including outpatient care

* Loss of or damage to personal belongings

* Travel delays or cancellations

### Currency and Payment

* Currency: Renminbi (CNY).

* Cash: Carry a reasonable amount of cash. Network signals in pastoral grassland areas may be weak, making cash transactions more reliable.

* Cards: Visa and MasterCard may be used in larger hotels and supermarkets in league-, city-, banner-, and county-level urban areas; they are generally not accepted in smaller towns.

* Mobile Payment: Alipay and WeChat Pay are widely used in urban areas across Inner Mongolia.

### Communications and Internet

* Important: Mobile signals can be weak in some grassland areas.

* It is strongly recommended to download offline maps in advance. Use Baidu Maps or AutoNavi and download maps of your Naadam destination in Inner Mongolia while connected to Wi-Fi.

How to Get There

### Core Venue 1: Xilinhot

Transportation Details
Air Xilinhot Airport serves Beijing, Hohhot, and other major domestic cities. July is peak tourism season, so booking flights one month in advance is recommended
Train Xilinhot Station has services to and from Hohhot, Beijing, and other cities
Driving Danxi Expressway, G16, provides direct access to Xilinhot. Traffic controls apply around festival venues, so park according to official guidance

Venue:

Xilingol Naadam Cultural Park, on G207 National Highway in the southern suburbs of Xilinhot, approximately 15 kilometers from the city center.

### Core Venue 2: Darhan Muminggan United Banner

Transportation Details
Air Fly first to Hohhot Baita Airport, then continue by road to Damao Banner, approximately 3–4 hours
Train Travel by train to Baotou Station, then continue by road to Damao Banner
Driving Drive from Hohhot or Baotou along national highways

Main Venue:

Bailing Naadam Cultural Industry Park.

### Transportation Tips During the Festival

* Xilinhot Main Venue: Crowds are extremely large on opening day. Leave early, and whenever possible use carpooling or public transportation.

* Damao Banner: The celebration runs throughout the summer, allowing greater flexibility when planning travel.

* Parking: Designated parking areas are provided around each venue. Follow official directions and park in an orderly manner.

Accommodation Reservations

Key Point Recommendation
When to Book July and August are peak tourism season in Inner Mongolia, and accommodation becomes extremely scarce during Naadam. Book hotels more than one month in advance
Xilinhot Xilinhot urban area — broad hotel selection; near Naadam Cultural Park — closer to the venue but limited supply
Damao Banner Bailingmiao Town — seat of the banner government; areas near Bailing Naadam Cultural Industry Park
Baarin Right Banner Daban Town — seat of the banner government; areas around the Mastala venue
Special Experience Staying in a grassland ger offers an opportunity to experience nomadic life, though facilities are relatively basic and personal toiletries should be brought
Price Reference Prices rise during peak season: budget around RMB 200–400 per night, mid-range RMB 400–800, high-end accommodation above RMB 800
Booking Platforms Major platforms such as Ctrip, Qunar, and Meituan; rooms with free cancellation are preferable

Pre-Trip Packing Checklist

Category Essential Items Special Notes
Clothing Short-sleeved T-shirts, long-sleeved shirts, shell jacket / light down jacket, warm trousers Day-night temperature differences are extreme and nighttime temperatures may fall below 10°C. Layering is essential
Shoes Comfortable, breathable athletic shoes / hiking shoes Festival grounds are mainly grass. High heels are prohibited
Sun Protection SPF50+ sunscreen, sun hat, sunglasses, sun-protective face covering Grassland UV exposure is extremely strong
Protection Face mask for dusty race areas; insect repellent Grassland insects can be numerous
Rain Gear Folding umbrella or lightweight raincoat July and August are the rainy season and showers are frequent
Medicine Cold medicine, gastrointestinal medicine, adhesive bandages, motion-sickness medicine Useful for climate changes and dietary differences
Electronics Power bank, phone, camera Charging facilities at activity venues may be limited
Storage Small bag / waist pouch for documents and cash Protect belongings in crowded areas
Other Tissues / wet wipes, insulated bottle, flashlight / headlamp Lighting on the grasslands can be limited at night

Cultural Respect

### Respect for Ethnic Beliefs and Ritual Etiquette

Naadam originated in Mongolian nomadic life and is closely connected with traditional rituals such as Ovoo worship.

* Ovoo Worship: If you encounter an Ovoo worship ceremony, remain quiet and solemn. Do not shout or play around. You may walk around the Ovoo three times clockwise to pray for blessings, but do not climb it or touch prayer flags and offerings.

* Ger Etiquette: When entering a ger, do not step on the threshold. In Mongolian custom, the threshold symbolizes the family’s fortune, and stepping on it is considered disrespectful. Sit where the host directs and do not sit in the northwest corner, which is usually reserved for Buddhist worship.

* Photography Restrictions: Some parts of ritual ceremonies may prohibit photography. Confirm with on-site personnel in advance.

### Etiquette When Participating in Activities

* Spectator Etiquette: Watch Bökh wrestling, horse racing, and archery from designated areas and do not enter competition grounds.

* Visitor Experiences: Naadam includes visitor participation activities, such as Bökh, archery, shagai games, and Mongolian-deel dressing competitions. Visitors can register on site.

* Respect Competitors: Wrestlers, riders, and archers are often local herders and students. Show them respect and applause.

### Photography Etiquette

* Ask Permission: Before photographing local people in Mongolian clothing, wrestlers, riders, elderly people, or children, smile and ask first.

* Respect Portrait Rights: Do not use photographs of other people commercially without permission.

* Drone Regulations: Flying drones over Naadam venues requires advance registration with local public-security authorities.

### Safety Guidelines

* Crowd Safety: Opening ceremonies and major activities attract dense crowds. Stay alert and supervise elderly family members and children.

* Property Safety: Store valuables in the hotel safe and carry only essentials.

* Sun Protection and Hydration: Grassland sunlight is intense. Use sun protection and drink enough water.

* Food Hygiene: Grassland cuisine centers on beef, mutton, and dairy products. Those with sensitive stomachs may bring their own gastrointestinal medicine.

* Child Supervision: Grassland areas are vast. Do not allow children to wander away from the venue alone.

Emergency Information

Item Contact / Description
Emergency Numbers Police 110, Fire 119, Ambulance 120
Major Hospitals Xilingol League Central Hospital in Xilinhot, Damao Banner Hospital, Baarin Right Banner Hospital
Tourist Police / Lost Property Permanent police posts and medical first-aid points are available at all major venues. Report lost valuables immediately to the nearest police office
Tourist Information Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Department of Culture and Tourism and official cultural-tourism platforms of each league and city
Time Zone UTC+8, China Standard Time
Voltage / Plugs 220V; plug types A / C / I

Special Reminders

* Multiple Naadam Celebrations, Different Dates: Inner Mongolia hosts multiple Naadam events — Xilinhot in mid-to-late July, Damao Banner from late July through early September, Baarin Right Banner in mid-August, and others. Confirm the exact date and location of your chosen venue before departure.

* Free Admission: Both the Xilinhot Grassland Naadam and the Baarin Right Banner Intangible Heritage Naadam are open to the public free of charge, with no ticket required.

* Extreme Day-Night Temperature Difference: Grassland temperatures may exceed 30°C during the day and fall below 10°C at night — warm clothing is essential.

* Book Early: Accommodation is extremely limited during Naadam. Reserve hotels in advance.

* Sun Protection Is Essential: Grassland ultraviolet exposure is very strong. Sunscreen, a sun hat, and sunglasses are indispensable.

* Offline Maps: Mobile signals can be weak in some grassland areas. Download offline maps before departure.

* Weather Awareness: July and August are the rainy season. Check forecasts before departure and carry rain gear.

*May you experience the distinctive charm of a thousand years of Mongolian Naadam on the vast grasslands and, amid the cries of Bökh wrestlers, the neighing of racehorses, and the twang of bowstrings, receive the beautiful blessing of “grassland reunion, good fortune, and fulfillment.”*

Continue exploring Naadam culture

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