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Water-Splashing Festival

Water-Splashing Festival

「 泼去千愁祈五谷,迎来百福润心田。 」

The Water‑Splashing Festival is the most important traditional festival of the Dai people, marking the Dai New Year. Clear water symbolises good fortune and purity — people sprinkle water on one another in blessing, washing away the dust of the old…
Water-Splashing Festival

The Water‑Splashing Festival is held in mid‑April (the first month of the Dai calendar) each year and is the grandest traditional festival of the Dai ethnic group. During the festival, people splash pure water on one another, symbolising the washing away of misfortune and ill fate from the past year, and welcoming good fortune and happiness. The festival originated from the ancient ritual of bathing the Buddha — people used clean water to bathe Buddha statues, praying for peace and a bountiful harvest. The festival features a rich variety of activities: people dress in their finest clothes, beat mang‑gongs and elephant‑foot drums, and perform the graceful peacock dance; at night, they release Kongming lanterns and water lanterns, sending blessings up to the sky and drifting far away on the water. “十里狂街音烈烈,万民泼水笑嘻嘻” (*For ten li, the streets resound with wild cheers; thousands of people splash water with laughter and smiles.*) The Water‑Splashing Festival is both a nationwide carnival and a spiritual cleansing. In 2006, the Dai Water‑Splashing Festival was inscribed on China’s first list of National Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Festival Period
6th month of the Dai calendar
Ethnic Group
Dai people
Popular Regions
Xishuangbanna and Dehong, Yunnan
Cultural Heritage
National Intangible Cultural Heritage

Festival Journey

  1. Pre‑Festival Preparations

    Preparations for the Water‑Splashing Festival begin about a week in advance.…

  2. The Day of the Water‑Splashing Festival

    The Water‑Splashing Festival is the Dai New Year, generally held from 13 to…

  3. # Day 1: Farewell to the Old Year

    The first day is the Dai New Year’s Eve, a day of bidding farewell to the ol…

  4. # Day 2: Water‑Splashing Day

    The second day is the water‑splashing day, the most solemn and lively day of…

  5. # Day 3: New Year’s Day

    The third day is New Year’s Day, the most auspicious day. At 9 a.m., the sol…

  6. After the Festival

    After the Water‑Splashing Festival holiday, people gradually return to their…

Origins & Legends

History · Evolution · Legend

Water-Splashing Festival · Origins & Legends

Tracing the Source · Historical Development

  • Northern and Southern Dynasties Period Some Chinese historical interpretations trace the most distant precursor of later water-splashing customs to Pohan Huxi, which is associated with western or Central Asian cultures and is sometimes linked with ancient Persia.
  • Tang Dynasty By the Tang dynasty, Pohan Huxi was known in China.
  • Song and Yuan Periods The form of the Water-Splashing Festival most directly connected with modern Dai practice developed in association with the spread of Theravada Buddhism into the Dai regions of Yunnan.
  • Ming and Qing Dynasties During the Ming and Qing periods, the Water-Splashing Festival became increasingly embedded in local Dai society.
  • Modern Era: After 1949 A particularly famous episode in the modern history of the festival occurred in April 1961, when Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai visited Xishuangbanna.
  • Contemporary Era: Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection On 20 May 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival submitted by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, was included in the first national list of intangible cultural heritage of China.

Festival Customs

Customs · Local Traditions · Everyday Life

Festival Foods

Food Traditions · Local Flavors · Taste

Folk Arts

Song & Dance · Living Tradition · Heritage

Water-Splashing Festival · Folk Arts

Living Folk Arts · Of Song and Dance

Through Song and Dance · A Living Tradition

Opening Verse: 欢快时节圣水扬,污秽随清泼洒净。 Introduction: Water-Splashing Festival poetry centers on blessings conveyed through splashing water and the excitement of dragon-boat racing. “欢快时节圣水扬” evokes the cleansing of dust and the offering of blessings through water; “龙舟竞渡,人山人海,万面鼓声喧” captures the fervor of dragon-boat competition; and “清水瓢瓢泼喜悦,深情洒向心中逑” presents water-splashing as an expression of affection. Poetry associated with the Water-Splashing Festival often takes the cleansing of dust with water and the welcoming of the new year as its central themes. One poem reads: “欢快时节圣水扬,污秽随清泼洒净,祈福永续万年长”, bringing together the ideas of purification through water, the removal of impurity, and the wish that blessings endure for generations. Another lyric describes the festive spectacle of the Water-Splashing Festival: “彩色长裙短雪衫……龙舟竞渡,人山人海,万面鼓声喧。无忧花放浴新欢。相泼水,笑连天”, vividly recording Dai people dressed in festive finery, racing dragon boats, and joyfully splashing water upon one another. Another poem writes, “清水瓢瓢泼喜悦,深情洒向心中逑”, elevating the act of splashing water into an expression of emotion. In Water-Splashing Festival poetry, water becomes the medium through which blessings, joy, and deep affection are conveyed.

Shuochang (Storytelling & Singing) Zhangha Song & Dance Yilahe” Yi Lahui

Global Features

Overseas · Chinese Communities · Celebrations

Water-Splashing Festival · Global Features

Overseas Celebrations · Lights of Chinese Communities

01
Festival Scenes Abroad United States

The United States is one of the countries with the largest Thai and Southeast Asian immigrant populations in the world. Although the Water-Splashing Festival is not a federal public holiday, in Thai-populated areas such as New York, Minnesota, Chicago, Massachusetts, and Los Angeles, Songkran has become one of the most important annual cultural events. New York State: an official resolution formally recognizes Songkran. On April 7, 2025, the New York State Legislature passed a resolution formally recognizing Songkran—the traditional Thai New Year, observed from April 13 to 15—as an important cultural celebration for New York State’s Asian American communities. On April 9, the New York State Legislature held a Songkran celebration at the Legislative Office Building in Albany, attended by Thai Consul General in New York Somjai Taphaopong. Activities included the traditional Thai water-pouring rite, classical Thai dance, and musical performances. The resolution emphasized that Songkran is “an enduring cultural heritage celebrated by Thai communities in New York and across the United States—a festival that preserves and transmits the essence of Thai identity while proudly reflecting the contribution of the Thai diaspora to the rich cultural diversity of American society.” Minnesota: Songkran in front of the State Capitol. On May 10–11, 2025, Minnesota Songkran was held at the Minnesota State Capitol in Saint Paul. Thai Ambassador to the United States Dr. Suriya Chindawongse and Thai Consul General in Chicago Katanawadee Kalayanamit attended the opening ceremony. Minnesota Commissioner of Public Safety Bob Jacobson attended on behalf of the governor and formally presented a proclamation to the Thai Cultural Council recognizing Minnesota Songkran 2025. The event officially opened with a ribbon-cutting and water-pouring ceremony. Chicago: Songkran at Wat Dhammaram. On April 12, 2025, the Thai Consul General in Chicago attended a Songkran celebration held at Wat Dhammaram. The event was jointly organized by the Sunday Buddhist School, Thai Music Academy, Thai Classical Dance School, and other groups. Massachusetts: a multiethnic Songkran celebration. On April 26–27, 2025, Wat Nawamintararachutis held Songkran celebrations, with the Thai Consul General in New York attending the opening ceremony. The event embodied a spirit of cultural exchange, with communities from Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam jointly participating in traditional performances. Activities included Buddhist merit-making rites, almsgiving, bathing the Buddha, pouring water over elders’ hands to offer blessings, a food market, a Miss Songkran beauty pageant, and cultural performances by students from the Sunday Buddhist School. Los Angeles: the 16th annual Thai New Year Songkran Festival. East Hollywood in Los Angeles hosts a Thai New Year Songkran Festival every year, reaching its 16th edition in 2025. Activities included live music, Muay Thai demonstrations, religious ceremonies, Thai cuisine, and the Miss Songkran USA pageant. Following a vehicle attack in Vancouver, Los Angeles police increased patrols around the event. Collective participation by Thai diplomatic missions in the United States. During Songkran 2025, officials and staff from the Royal Thai Embassy in Washington, the Thai Consulate General in Chicago, and “Team Thailand Chicago” collectively took part in preserving and celebrating Water-Splashing Festival traditions. This official participation by diplomatic institutions has given Songkran a form of recognition in the United States that extends beyond ethnic communities.

02
Festival Scenes Abroad Canada

Canada also has large Southeast Asian communities. Water-Splashing Festival celebrations are centered on Vancouver and extend to major cities such as Toronto and Montreal. Unlike the United States, where Thai communities play the dominant role, in Canada the festival is more often presented through the framework of a “Chinese Traditional Culture Festival,” jointly promoted by Chinese and Southeast Asian immigrants. Vancouver: Chinese Traditional Culture Festival and Water-Splashing Festival. On July 27, 2025, the Chinese Canadian Federation hosted the 2025 Chinese Traditional Culture Festival and 17th Vancouver Water-Splashing Festival at Swangard Stadium in Burnaby. Chinese Consul General in Vancouver Yang Shu, British Columbia legislators Zhou Jionghua and Chen Hansheng, Burnaby Mayor Hou Maihao, and others attended, together with more than a thousand members of the public. Consul General Yang Shu stated that the Chinese Traditional Culture Festival “provides a platform for cultural exchange and mutual learning, allowing overseas Chinese to revisit the feelings of their homeland and enabling local communities to experience the charm of traditional Chinese culture.” The event featured six themed zones: traditional intangible cultural heritage, stage performances, interactive water splashing, a food market, charity booths, and cultural workshops. More than 60 community groups took part in the opening ceremony. Most performers were ordinary community residents, retired seniors, current students, and everyday immigrants. In 2025, the event achieved a historic breakthrough: for the first time, it moved beyond Vancouver, arriving in Toronto on August 3 and Montreal on August 10. From the West Coast to the East Coast, the “splash” of the Water-Splashing Festival is spreading across Canada. Vancouver also connects the Water-Splashing Festival with the official calendar of the Royal Thai Consulate General in Vancouver, which lists Songkran as an important annual diplomatic and cultural event.

03
Festival Scenes Abroad United Kingdom

The United Kingdom is one of the European countries where Water-Splashing Festival culture is most actively promoted. In April 2025, London hosted “the UK’s largest Thai Water Festival.” The event took place at a Buddhist center affiliated with the Royal Thai Embassy and included a series of Thai cultural activities. In Thai, Songkran means “movement” or “change,” marking the beginning of the Thai New Year. Swindon also held its first “Authentic Street Food Festival” on April 20, 2025, featuring authentic Thai cuisine, traditional dance, Thai bands, and kathoey performances. British blogger Lee also traveled specially to Xishuangbanna in Yunnan, China, to experience the Water-Splashing Festival and used video to show British audiences the festival’s “proper way to experience it.”

04
Festival Scenes Abroad Belgium

On the European continent, Wat Thai Dhammaram in Brussels, Belgium, held Songkran celebrations in April 2025. Activities included traditional Songkran rites—pouring water over Buddha images, monks, and elders—along with sales of Thai food and products, Thai cultural performances, and chanting ceremonies to pray for the deceased. As Belgium is home to the headquarters of the European Union, its Songkran celebrations attracted participants and spectators from countries across Europe.

Visitor Guide

Preparation · Etiquette · Take Part with Confidence

Water-Splashing Festival · Visitor Guide

Start with Understanding, Step into the Festival with Confidence

01 Before You Join Event Schedule and Venues ### Core Water-Splashing Festival Dates The Water-Splashing Festival is held during the Dai New Year and corresponds to mid-April each year in the Gregorian calendar. Xishuangbanna Prefecture recognizes the Water-Splashing Festival as a statutory holiday, usually between April 13 and 17. Activities begin gradually about one week before the festival and reach their peak on April 15, when tens of thousands of people join the main water-splashing celebration. The core schedule is as follows: Date Activity Description Around April 9 Finals for the Water-Collecting Maiden selection, Yunnan Super League football matches, and other warm-up events Festive atmosphere gradually intensifies April 12 New Year Gala, Lancang-Mekong tourism-city cooperation and exchange activities Official opening of the festival April 13 Celebration Assembly — wrist-tying ceremony and ethnic song-and-dance performances; traditional dragon-boat exhibition race; mass release of Kongming lanterns; traditional ethnic ganbai market First festival day, with a dense program of events April 14 Grand Ethnic Folk Cultural Parade — around 3,000 participants and 45 groups; mass release of floating water lanterns; ganbai music festival Final buildup before the main climax April 15 Water-Collecting Ceremony; mass Water-Splashing Carnival — main climax Festival reaches its highest point ### Traditional Water-Splashing Festival Customs The Water-Splashing Festival is the Dai New Year. Its main customs include: Custom Description Bathing the Buddha Early in the morning, major Buddhist temples hold Bathing the Buddha ceremonies. People use clean water to wash Buddha images and pray for peace Water-Collecting Ceremony Held on the banks of the Lancang River. The “Water-Collecting Maidens” draw sacred water from the river, opening the main water-splashing festivities Water-Splashing Blessings People splash one another with clean water, washing away misfortune from the old year and welcoming a pure and auspicious New Year Ganbai In the Dai language, ganbai means “going to market.” Large festival markets bring together Dai cuisine, handicrafts, and intangible cultural heritage performances Dragon-Boat Racing Traditional dragon-boat exhibition races are held on the Lancang River, with teams from different villages competing Releasing Kongming Lanterns At night, thousands of people release Kongming lanterns, sending blessings and wishes into the sky Releasing Water Lanterns Thousands gather along the Lancang River to release floating lanterns, illuminating the water and expressing hopes for the future Wrist-Tying Ceremony A traditional Dai blessing ritual in which white thread is tied around the wrist, symbolizing health and good fortune ### Major Recommended Activities by Region Jinghong, Xishuangbanna — Core Main Venue: Jinghong is the central venue of the Water-Splashing Festival, with the largest concentration and scale of activities. Main venues include: * Water-Splashing Square: The principal water-battle area, with law-enforcement and support personnel on site, making it the most orderly location. * Lancang River Viewing Platform: For watching dragon-boat races, water-lantern releases, and the Water-Collecting Ceremony. * Gaozhuang Xishuangjing: Starlight Night Market, scenic nighttime photography, and one of the designated Kongming lantern release points. * Dai Villages: A more traditional way to experience water-splashing, often through gentle sprinkling with leaves. Mangshi, Dehong — Alternative Venue: With relatively fewer tourists, Mangshi offers a more traditional and less commercialized experience. Activities include flower gathering, prayers for blessings, gayang dancing, antiphonal singing, throwing embroidered pouches, lighting lamps for blessings, and other traditional customs. Ruili, Dehong — Alternative Venue: Known for its “one village, two countries” setting, Ruili offers a China–Myanmar cross-border celebration with a strong international atmosphere and highly photogenic scenery. Longchuan, Dehong — Alternative Venue: Offers a quieter rural water-splashing experience with fewer visitors. Menglian, Pu’er — Alternative Venue: Located near the border, Menglian receives fewer tourists and offers a more traditional local experience. 02 Before You Join Pre-Trip Preparation ### Visas and Entry Water-Splashing Festival destinations such as Xishuangbanna and Dehong in Yunnan are subject to China’s unified visa policies: * ASEAN Tour Groups of Two or More People: Organized through travel agencies, groups may enter visa-free through Xishuangbanna Gasa International Airport, Mohan Railway Port, or Mohan Highway Port, stay for no more than six days — 144 hours, and remain within the administrative area of Xishuangbanna Prefecture. * 240-Hour Visa-Free Transit for Citizens of 54 Countries: Travelers may enjoy visa-free transit for up to 240 hours, with permitted stay areas including Yunnan Province and other administrative regions. * Other Nationalities: Apply in advance for a tourist visa, or L visa, through the relevant Chinese embassy or consulate, and ensure that your passport remains valid for more than six months. * Latest Policies: Before departure, consult the official website of China’s National Immigration Administration or the relevant Chinese embassy or consulate. ### Adapting to the Climate In mid-April, Xishuangbanna is transitioning between the dry and wet seasons. Average daytime temperatures range from 25°C to 35°C, with relative humidity reaching 70%–80%, creating a hot and humid feeling. After being soaked during water-splashing activities, exposure to wind can cause perceived temperatures to fall sharply. It is strongly recommended to carry a quick-dry towel and a portable fan. Special Reminder: Air conditioning in local shopping malls, hotels, and restaurants is often very strong, and the temperature difference between indoors and outdoors can exceed 10°C. Entering air-conditioned spaces while wearing wet clothes can easily lead to a cold or even fever. Carry a light windproof jacket or sun-protective outer layer and put it on when moving indoors. ### Travel Insurance Although China does not require visitors to purchase insurance, the Water-Splashing Festival involves extensive outdoor water activities, crowded public spaces, and increased exposure of personal belongings. It is therefore strongly recommended to purchase travel insurance covering: * Accidental injury and medical treatment for acute illness, including outpatient care * Loss of or damage to personal belongings, such as water damage to phones or cameras * Travel delays or cancellations caused by flight or high-speed rail changes ### Currency and Payment * Currency: Renminbi (CNY). * Cash: Carrying RMB 500–1,000 in cash is recommended. Open-air markets such as ganbai may have poor network connectivity, making cash payments more reliable. * Cards: Visa and MasterCard are accepted at major hotels and shopping centers. * Mobile Payment: Alipay and WeChat Pay are widely used and can be linked to overseas bank cards. ### Communications and Internet * Local SIM cards with short-term data packages can be purchased at the airport with a passport. * Hotels, restaurants, and scenic areas generally provide free Wi-Fi. * Important: During the Water-Splashing Festival, Jinghong becomes extremely crowded and 4G/5G networks may be severely congested. It is strongly recommended to download offline maps in advance. Baidu Maps or AutoNavi are recommended; download the entire Xishuangbanna map to your phone while connected to Wi-Fi. 03 Before You Join How to Get There ### Core Venue: Jinghong, Xishuangbanna Transportation Details Air Xishuangbanna Gasa International Airport — JHG — serves major Chinese cities and some Southeast Asian routes. During the festival, one-way fares may exceed RMB 1,500. Book 1–2 months in advance. Taxi time from the airport to Gaozhuang is about 20 minutes, and about 15 minutes to Water-Splashing Square High-Speed Rail The China-Laos Railway runs directly to Xishuangbanna Station, around 3–4 hours from Kunming. Additional trains are operated during the festival. International visitors can enter China by train from Boten, Laos Driving Kunming–Mohan Expressway provides direct access, but traffic controls are strict during the festival. Park outside the city and transfer to public transport or continue on foot High-Speed Rail Tickets: China-Laos Railway tickets are extremely difficult to obtain during the festival and often sell out immediately when released. Tickets can be booked through the 12306 App or the Railway 12306 mini-program. International visitors may use the English-language 12306 App or Trip.com. Airport Transfer: After arriving at the airport, use DiDi or AutoNavi ride-hailing. Licensed platforms use fare-control mechanisms and provide transparent pricing. Avoid unlicensed vehicles. ### Urban Transportation During the Festival During the Water-Splashing Festival, traffic controls in Jinghong are strict and shared bicycles are suspended. Main transportation options include: * Walking is the primary means of getting around. Electric scooters can be rented in the city for about RMB 50–80 per day and offer flexibility. * Public buses cover the urban area. Use the “Jinghong Bus” mini-program to check real-time arrival information. * For farther destinations such as the Botanical Garden or Dai Ethnic Garden, private car hire — around RMB 300–400 per day — or an organized tour is recommended. 04 Before You Join Accommodation Reservations Key Point Recommendation When to Book Accommodation becomes extremely scarce during the festival, when the prefecture receives more than 2.3 million visitors. Prices commonly rise three to five times. Book 1–2 months in advance Recommended Areas Around Water-Splashing Square — walkable to the main venue and most convenient; Gaozhuang Xishuangjing — excellent night views and immediate access to celebrations; Lancang River waterfront — ideal for dragon-boat viewing and water-lantern releases Best Value Gasa Town near the airport, where many hotels offer airport transfers Price Reference High-end RMB 1,200–2,500 per night; mid-range RMB 580–980; budget RMB 380–480 Booking Platforms Major platforms such as Ctrip, Qunar, and Meituan; rooms with free cancellation are preferable. An official Food and Accommodation Map WeChat mini-program is also available specifically for the festival Noise Reminder Music festivals and night markets around Gaozhuang Xishuangjing and Water-Splashing Square continue late into the night, while people may begin water-splashing again early in the morning. Light sleepers may prefer hotels in Gasa Town or the Mannongfeng area

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